EARTHWORKS - Revision history

Juma: /* EARTHWORKS */

2022-07-21T13:39:09Z

EARTHWORKS

Juma: /* EARTHWORKS */

2022-07-21T12:31:29Z

EARTHWORKS

Juma: /* Compaction Test */

2022-07-21T12:26:13Z

Compaction Test

Juma: /* Disposition Of Excavated Material */

2022-07-21T12:19:29Z

Disposition Of Excavated Material

Juma: /* Trial Pits */

2022-07-21T12:18:42Z

Trial Pits

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Juma: /* Excess Excavation To Be Made Good */

2022-07-21T11:57:04Z

Excess Excavation To Be Made Good

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Juma at 11:49, 21 July 2022

2022-07-21T11:49:46Z

Juma: Created page with " 3 EARTHWORKS 3.1 General 3.1.1 Scope This Specification covers the requirements for site clearance, demolition, excavation, shoring, backfilling, compaction, importation or e..."

2022-07-15T10:11:50Z

Created page with " 3 EARTHWORKS 3.1 General 3.1.1 Scope This Specification covers the requirements for site clearance, demolition, excavation, shoring, backfilling, compaction, importation or e..."

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-=EARTHWORKS=
+=Earthworks=
 <div style="text-align: justify">
 ==General==

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:31, 21 July 2022
Line 437:		Line 437:
	•Place the cylinder on a firm surface and gently pour the sample into it, loosely and without tamping. Strike of f the top surface level with the top of the cylinder and remove all surplus spilled material. Lift the cylinder up clear of its con¬tents and place on a fresh area of flat surface. Place about one quarter of the material back in the cylinder and tamp vigorously until no further compaction can be obtained. Repeat with the second quarter, tamping as before and so on for the third and fourth quarters, tamping the final surface as level as possible.<br>		•Place the cylinder on a firm surface and gently pour the sample into it, loosely and without tamping. Strike of f the top surface level with the top of the cylinder and remove all surplus spilled material. Lift the cylinder up clear of its con¬tents and place on a fresh area of flat surface. Place about one quarter of the material back in the cylinder and tamp vigorously until no further compaction can be obtained. Repeat with the second quarter, tamping as before and so on for the third and fourth quarters, tamping the final surface as level as possible.<br>
	•Measure down from the top of the cylinder to the surface of the compacted material. This distance divided by the height of the cylinder gives the compaction fraction.<br>		•Measure down from the top of the cylinder to the surface of the compacted material. This distance divided by the height of the cylinder gives the compaction fraction.<br>
		+
		+	</div>

@@ Line 387: / Line 387: @@
 Costs for compaction tests shall be to the Employer’s account, except where test results fail to comply with the specified standards. In this case, the cost of such test shall be to the Contractor’s account.  All tests conducted on materials (sieve analysis, etc.) will be debited to the Contractor.
-The compaction (as partially specified) required for various fills shall be as follows:
+The compaction (as partially specified) required for various fills shall be as follows:<br>
+Item	Material Prescribed for Fill	Required Compaction (% of the Maximum Density<br>
-Item	Material Prescribed for Fill	Required Compaction (% of the Maximum Density
+Mass fill and spoiled material	No special requirements	<br>
-Mass fill and spoiled material	No special requirements
+Backfill for over- excavation (for pipe trenches only)	Fine granular material	100 %<br>
-Backfill for over- excavation (for pipe trenches only)	Fine granular material	100 %
+Initial backfill and bedding layer	Fine granular material	100 %<br>
-Initial backfill and bedding layer	Fine granular material	100 %
+Crushed stone supporting bedding layer	Crusher run 	95%<br>
-Crushed stone supporting bedding layer	Crusher run 	95%
+Final backfill of pipe trenches under roads	Fine granular material	100%<br>
-Final backfill of pipe trenches under roads	Fine granular material	100%
+Final backfill of trenches in general	Fine granular material	98%<br>
-Final backfill of trenches in general	Fine granular material	98%
+Sandy material	95%<br>
-	Sandy material	95%
+Clayey material	93%<br>
-	Clayey material	93%
+Backfill to structures	Fine granular material	98%<br>
 Specification of materials
-Material		Plasticity Index Material
+Material   Plasticity Index Material<br>
-Fine granular material 	0 - 2
+Fine granular material 	0 - 2<br>
-Sandy material 	2 - 6
+Sandy material 	2 - 6<br>
-Clayey material 	6 - 10
+Clayey material 6 - 10<br>
-Gravel		  10
+Gravel		  10<br>
-.11		Gabions
+==Gabions==
 Not used.
-.13		Measurement
+==Auxiliary works==
 See clause 1.2.
-.14		Special measures
+==Special measures==
-.14.1	Refill Material – PVC-Pipes
+===Refill Material – PVC-Pipes===
 PVC pipes shall be bedded and backfilled in accordance with the particular requirements indicated below, and the special backfill material shall extend 100 mm above and below the pipe to the full trench width.
 The compaction fraction of the special backfill material shall be between 0.1 and 0.3.
 Should the compaction fraction exceed 0.3 the Engineer may order the Contractor to supply suitable bedding material which meets the above requirements to provide a 100 mm layer above and below the pipe to the full trench width.
 The compaction fraction is determined by the following method:
-•	Obtain a representative sample more than sufficient to fill an open-ended cylinder 250 mm long and 150 mm internal diameter.  It is important that the moisture content of the sample should not differ materially from that of the main body of the material at the time of its use in the trench.
+The compaction fraction is determined by the following method:<br>
-•	Place the cylinder on a firm surface and gently pour the sample into it, loosely and without tamping.  Strike of f the top surface level with the top of the cylinder and remove all surplus spilled material. Lift the cylinder up clear of its con¬tents and place on a fresh area of flat surface.  Place about one quarter of the material back in the cylinder and tamp vigorously until no further compaction can be obtained.  Repeat with the second quarter, tamping as before and so on for the third and fourth quarters, tamping the final surface as level as possible.
+•Obtain a representative sample more than sufficient to fill an open-ended cylinder 250 mm long and 150 mm internal diameter.  It is important that the moisture content of the sample should not differ materially from that of the main body of the material at the time of its use in the trench.<br>
-•	Measure down from the top of the cylinder to the surface of the compacted material.  This distance divided by the height of the cylinder gives the compaction fraction.
+•Place the cylinder on a firm surface and gently pour the sample into it, loosely and without tamping.  Strike of f the top surface level with the top of the cylinder and remove all surplus spilled material. Lift the cylinder up clear of its con¬tents and place on a fresh area of flat surface.  Place about one quarter of the material back in the cylinder and tamp vigorously until no further compaction can be obtained.  Repeat with the second quarter, tamping as before and so on for the third and fourth quarters, tamping the final surface as level as possible.<br>

@@ Line 125: / Line 125: @@
 The Contractor shall ensure that no excavated material which is suitable for and is required for re-use in the works is disposed of outside the site.
-The term “excavation” shall be deemed to include for disposing of excavated material within the site in any of the following ways:
+The term “excavation” shall be deemed to include for disposing of excavated material within the site in any of the following ways:<br>
 •Backfilling to excavations and completed structures (except where such backfilling is specified as special filling) using suitable excavated material and including placing in temporary spoil tips and any double handling required all as specified hereafter; or<br>
 •Transporting and placing (approved) excavated material in permanent spoil  tips, including the shaping and drainage of such tips all as specified hereafter; or<br>

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-	EARTHWORKS
+===Definitions===
 The following terms shall have the meanings assigned to them:
-“topsoil”	 means any surface material, including turf, suitable for use in soiling areas to be grassed or cultivated (class 1, DIN 18300).
+“topsoil” means any surface material, including turf, suitable for use in soiling areas to be grassed or cultivated (class 1, DIN 18300).
-“rock” 		 is defined as material occurring in solid un-weathered banks or layers which, in the opinion of the Engineer, can only be removed by blasting, percussion drilling, wedging or splitting.  Boulders exceeding one cubic metre in volume shall be classified as “rock” (class 7, DIN 18300).
-“Subsoil”	any material other than topsoil and rock shall be classified as (class 2-6, DIN 18300).
+“rock” 	is defined as material occurring in solid un-weathered banks or layers which, in the opinion of the Engineer, can only be removed by blasting, percussion drilling, wedging or splitting. Boulders exceeding one cubic metre in volume shall be classified as “rock” (class 7, DIN 18300).
-	means excavation in open cut (excluding trench excavation) down to levels specified on the drawings or otherwise as being the general levels after completion of excavation other than incidental excavation.
-“trench excavation”	means excavation, to levels and limits specified on the drawings or otherwise, of trenches into which pipes and the like are to be laid.
+“Subsoil” any material other than topsoil and rock shall be classified as (class 2-6, DIN 18300).
 “incidental excavation”	means excavation (generally in small quantities) below or outside the limits of normal excavation and trench excavation, but excluding excess excavation.
-“excess excavation”		means excavation outside the limits specified for normal, trench or incidental excavation.  Excess excavation shall not qualify for any extra payment.
 If the Contractor encounters material other than that specified and which requires another performance procedure he shall be entitled for additional price negotiations.
-.1.3	Standards And Rules
+===Standards And Rules===
 The Contractor shall carry out works described in this Specification in accordance with the appropriate DIN standards or equivalent.
-The main standards for the execution are, but are not limited by, the following:
+The main standards for the execution are, but are not limited by, the following:<br>
-DIN  4124	Building pits and trenches
+DIN  4124	Building pits and trenches<br>
-DIN  18300	General technical code for earthworks
+DIN  18300	General technical code for earthworks<br>
-DIN  18303	General technical code for excavation lining
+DIN  18303	General technical code for excavation lining<br>
-.2	General requirements
+==General requirements==
-.2.1	Levels To Be Recorded
+===Levels To Be Recorded===
 Before the surface of any part of the site is disturbed or the works thereon are begun, the contractor shall take and record levels of any such part, in the manner specified or as agreed with the Engineer in his presence.  Such levels, when agrees with the Engineer, are the basis for measurement.  The Contractor shall also take and record such other levels and dimensions as are necessary during the progress of excavation.
-.2.2	Excess Excavation To Be Made Good
 The Contractor at his own expense shall remove from the site all material resulting from excess excavation and shall make good the same with such kind of fill material or in such class of concrete as may be reasonably required by the Engineer having regard to the circumstances.
 .2.3	Explosives