Chapter Seven: Water Treatment

1 Chapter Seven Water Treatment

1.1 Introduction

In this chapter, different categories of the unit operations that are utilized to achieve different water treatment levels are described. It is followed by description of the recommended approach of design of treatment plant components. Emphasis should be given to potential water sources that have undergone investigations on the variability of both the quality and quantity for at least two years. The data gathered should be used for selection of appropriate treatment flow sheets and designing it.

Classification of the qualities of water sources found in Tanzania according to the complexity of its treatment Water treatment is any process that improves the quality of water to make it more acceptable for human consumption. Production of drinking water treatment involves the removal of contaminants from raw water to produce water that is pure enough for human consumption without any short term or long term risk of any adverse health effect.

The processes involved in removing the contaminants from water include physical processes such as settling and filtration, chemical processes such as disinfection and coagulation and biological processes such as slow sand filtration. Table 7.1 and Figures – 7.8 presents the recommended flow Sheets for the Most Common Water Sources in Tanzania. Water contaminants removal processes are best represented in water treatment flow sheets (Figures 7.1 – 7.8).