Difference between revisions of "List of Abbreviations I"

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
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'''LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS'''
  
 
*ATAWAS         Association of Tanzania Water Suppliers
 
*ATAWAS         Association of Tanzania Water Suppliers
*CBWSO       Community Based Water Supply Organisations
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*CBWSO         Community Based Water Supply Organizations
*COWSOs       Community Owned Water Supply Organizations
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*COWSOs         Community Owned Water Supply Organizations
 
*CMIP5 Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5
 
*CMIP5 Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5
 
*DAWASA         Dar es Salaam Water Supply and Sanitation Authority
 
*DAWASA         Dar es Salaam Water Supply and Sanitation Authority
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*SDGs Sustainable Development Goals
 
*SDGs Sustainable Development Goals
 
*SST Sea Surface Temperature
 
*SST Sea Surface Temperature
*UNESCO         United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation
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*UNESCO         United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
 
*UNFCC         United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
 
*UNFCC         United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
 
*UWSSA         Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Authority
 
*UWSSA         Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Authority
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'''LIST OF TABLES'''<br>
 
'''LIST OF TABLES'''<br>
Table 3.1 Mean annual river discharges for some of the principal rivers of Tanzania..................................................40<br>
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Table 3.2: Run-Off Coefficients for Different Surfaces........................................50<br>
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Table 3. 1: Mean annual river discharges for some of the principal rivers of Tanzania ......................................40<br>
Table 4.1: Minimum water requirements for various categorised domestic users........................................71<br>
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Table 3.2: Run-Off Coefficients for Different Surfaces .....................................................................................................50<br>
Table 4.2: Institutional Water Demands........................................72<br>
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Table 4.1: Minimum water requirements for various categorised domestic users ................................................71<br>
Table 4.3: Water requirements for ports and stations...................................73<br>
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Table 4.2: Institutional Water Demands ..................................................................................................................................72<br>
Table 4.4: Specific industrial water requirements 74<br>
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Table 4.3: Water requirements for ports and stations ........................................................................................................73<br>
Table 4.5 Industrial Water Demand (m3/ha/d) for future industries 75<br>
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Table 4.4: Specific industrial water requirements ...............................................................................................................74<br>
Table 4.6: Approximate withdrawals and consumptions, not accounting for ambient temperature or plant efficiency. 76<br>
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Table 4.5 Industrial Water Demand (m3/ha/d) for future industries ............................................................................75<br>
Table 4.7: Commercial Water Requirements 77<br>
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Table 4.6: Approximate withdrawals and consumptions, not accounting for ambient temperature or plant efficiency. ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................76<br>
Table 4.8: The IWA ‘Best Practice’ Standard Water Balance 80<br>
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Table 4.7: Commercial Water Requirements ..........................................................................................................................77<br>
Table 4.9: Consumers’ Peak Factors 84<br>
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Table 4.8: The IWA ‘Best Practice’ Standard Water Balance ..............................................................................................80<br>
Table 4.10: Peak factors for known population in the area 85<br>
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Table 4.9: Consumers’ Peak Factors ...........................................................................................................................................84<br>
Table 5.1: Recommended pipe C-values (New pipes) 90<br>
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Table 4.10: Peak factors for known population in the area ..............................................................................................85<br>
Table 6.1: Most Commonly Used Pump Types 103<br>
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Table 5.1: Recommended pipe C-values (New pipes) ..........................................................................................................90<br>
Table 6.2(a):  Selection of types of pumps for water supply by the head needed 106<br>
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Table 6.1: Most Commonly Used Pump Types .......................................................................................................................103<br>
Table 7.1: Recommended water treatment flow sheets for the most common water sources in Tanzania 108<br>
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Table 6.2(a):Selection of types of pumps for water supply by the head needed.......................................................106<br>
Table 7.2: Important parameters for the design of lamella plate settler. 124<br>
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Table 7.1: Recommended water treatment flow sheets for the most common water sources in Tanzania..... 108<br>
Table 7.3: Typical Performance of Slow Sand Filters 127<br>
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Table 7.2: Important parameters for the design of lamella plate settler. ......................................................................124<br>
Table 7.4: Different sizes of media in a Roughing filter 133<br>
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Table 7.3: Typical Performance of Slow Sand Filters ..............................................................................................................127<br>
Table 7.5: Comparison of Sludge Dewatering Systems 155<br>
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Table 7.4: Different sizes of media in a Roughing filter .......................................................................................................133<br>
Table 9.1: Standard Break Pressure Tank of 5 l/s – 25 l/s 174<br>
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Table 7.5: Comparison of Sludge Dewatering Systems ........................................................................................................155<br>
Table 11.1: Different models of prepaid water meters piloted in various WSSAs and in selected districts 212
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Table 9.1: Standard Break Pressure Tank of 5 l/s – 25 l/s .....................................................................................................174<br>
Table 12.1  Common Standards Used in Water Projects 218<br>
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Table 11.1: Different models of prepaid water meters piloted in various WSSAs and in selected districts......212<br>
Table 12.2: Soil logging of borehole or test pit 224<br>
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Table 12.1  Common Standards Used in Water Projects ...................................................................................................... 218<br>
Table 12.3: Number of blows comparison to soil type based on SPT 226<br>
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Table 12.2: Soil logging of borehole or test pit .......................................................................................................................224<br>
Table 13.1: Different roles of stakeholders in project planning and design stage 229<br>
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Table 12.3: Number of blows comparison to soil type based on SPT .............................................................................226<br>
Table C.1:Common Daily Percentage Consumption Patterns 240<br>
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Table 13.1: Different roles of stakeholders in project planning and design stage ....................................................229<br>
Table C.2: Determining Supply Deficiencies 240<br>
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Table C.1:Common Daily Percentage Consumption Patterns ..........................................................................................240<br>
Table D.1Design requirements and partial safety factors (BS 8007) 245<br>
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Table C.2: Determining Supply Deficiencies ...........................................................................................................................240<br>
Table D.2 Cylindrical tanks: elastic analysis 1 250<br>
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Table D.1Design requirements and partial safety factors (BS 8007) ...........................................................................245<br>
Table D.3 Cylindrical tanks: elastic analysis 2 251<br>
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Table D.2 Cylindrical tanks: elastic analysis 1 ........................................................................................................................250<br>
Table E.1: Most Commonly Used Pump Types 253<br>
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Table D.3 Cylindrical tanks: elastic analysis 2 ........................................................................................................................251<br>
Table E.2: Specific Speeds for rotordynamic pumps 257<br>
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Table E.1: Most Commonly Used Pump Types .....................................................................................................................253<br>
Table F.1: Altitude and temperature values (Factor B) 273<br>
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Table E.2: Specific Speeds for rotordynamic pumps .........................................................................................................257<br>
Table G.1 Design Guidelines for Horizontal Roughing Filters 277<br>
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Table F.1: Altitude and temperature values (Factor B) ......................................................................................................273<br>
Table I.1: Principle cations and anions associated with water hardness 288<br>
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Table G.1 Design Guidelines for Horizontal Roughing Filters .....................................................................................277<br>
Table I.2: Scale of Hardness (classification of hard waters) 288<br>
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Table I.1: Principle cations and anions associated with water hardness ...............................................................288<br>
Table I.3: Compounds Producing Temporary and Permanent Hardness 289<br>
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Table I.2: Scale of Hardness (classification of hard waters) ........................................................................................288<br>
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Table I.3: Compounds Producing Temporary and Permanent Hardness ..................................................................289<br>
  
  
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Previous Page: [[List of Special Committee Members|List of Special Committee Members]] <<  >> Next Page: [[Chapter One: Introduction|Chapter One: Introduction]]
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Previous Page: [[List of Special Committee Members|List of Special Committee Members]] <<  >> Next Page: [[Chapter_One:Introduction_VOL1|Chapter_One:Introduction_VOL1]]

Latest revision as of 10:38, 21 July 2022

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

  • ATAWAS Association of Tanzania Water Suppliers
  • CBWSO Community Based Water Supply Organizations
  • COWSOs Community Owned Water Supply Organizations
  • CMIP5 Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5
  • DAWASA Dar es Salaam Water Supply and Sanitation Authority
  • DEWAT Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Systems
  • DCOM Design, Construction, Supervision, Operation and Maintenance
  • EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
  • EIS Environmental Impact Statement
  • EMA Environmental Management Act
  • ENSO El Nino-Southern Oscillation
  • ERB Engineers Registration Board
  • EWURA Energy and Water Utilities Regulating Authority
  • GCMs Global Climate Models
  • GHGs Greenhouse gases
  • IHP International Hydrological Programme
  • ICOLD International Commission on Large Dams
  • ITCZ Inter-tropical Convergence Zone
  • IOD Indian Ocean Dipole
  • IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
  • IWA International Water Association
  • NAWAPO National Water Policy
  • NEMC National Environmental Management Council
  • NMAIST Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology
  • NWSDS National Water Sector Development Strategy
  • RCPs Representative Concentration Pathways
  • RUWASA Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Agency
  • SADC Southern Africa Development Community
  • SDGs Sustainable Development Goals
  • SST Sea Surface Temperature
  • UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
  • UNFCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
  • UWSSA Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Authority
  • UDSM University of Dar es Salaam
  • URT United Republic of Tanzania
  • TAWASANET Tanzania Water Supply and Sanitation Network
  • WMO World Meteorological Organization
  • WSDP Water Sector Development Programme


LIST OF TABLES

Table 3. 1: Mean annual river discharges for some of the principal rivers of Tanzania ......................................40
Table 3.2: Run-Off Coefficients for Different Surfaces .....................................................................................................50
Table 4.1: Minimum water requirements for various categorised domestic users ................................................71
Table 4.2: Institutional Water Demands ..................................................................................................................................72
Table 4.3: Water requirements for ports and stations ........................................................................................................73
Table 4.4: Specific industrial water requirements ...............................................................................................................74
Table 4.5 Industrial Water Demand (m3/ha/d) for future industries ............................................................................75
Table 4.6: Approximate withdrawals and consumptions, not accounting for ambient temperature or plant efficiency. ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................76
Table 4.7: Commercial Water Requirements ..........................................................................................................................77
Table 4.8: The IWA ‘Best Practice’ Standard Water Balance ..............................................................................................80
Table 4.9: Consumers’ Peak Factors ...........................................................................................................................................84
Table 4.10: Peak factors for known population in the area ..............................................................................................85
Table 5.1: Recommended pipe C-values (New pipes) ..........................................................................................................90
Table 6.1: Most Commonly Used Pump Types .......................................................................................................................103
Table 6.2(a):Selection of types of pumps for water supply by the head needed.......................................................106
Table 7.1: Recommended water treatment flow sheets for the most common water sources in Tanzania..... 108
Table 7.2: Important parameters for the design of lamella plate settler. ......................................................................124
Table 7.3: Typical Performance of Slow Sand Filters ..............................................................................................................127
Table 7.4: Different sizes of media in a Roughing filter .......................................................................................................133
Table 7.5: Comparison of Sludge Dewatering Systems ........................................................................................................155
Table 9.1: Standard Break Pressure Tank of 5 l/s – 25 l/s .....................................................................................................174
Table 11.1: Different models of prepaid water meters piloted in various WSSAs and in selected districts......212
Table 12.1 Common Standards Used in Water Projects ...................................................................................................... 218
Table 12.2: Soil logging of borehole or test pit .......................................................................................................................224
Table 12.3: Number of blows comparison to soil type based on SPT .............................................................................226
Table 13.1: Different roles of stakeholders in project planning and design stage ....................................................229
Table C.1:Common Daily Percentage Consumption Patterns ..........................................................................................240
Table C.2: Determining Supply Deficiencies ...........................................................................................................................240
Table D.1Design requirements and partial safety factors (BS 8007) ...........................................................................245
Table D.2 Cylindrical tanks: elastic analysis 1 ........................................................................................................................250
Table D.3 Cylindrical tanks: elastic analysis 2 ........................................................................................................................251
Table E.1: Most Commonly Used Pump Types .....................................................................................................................253
Table E.2: Specific Speeds for rotordynamic pumps .........................................................................................................257
Table F.1: Altitude and temperature values (Factor B) ......................................................................................................273
Table G.1 Design Guidelines for Horizontal Roughing Filters .....................................................................................277
Table I.1: Principle cations and anions associated with water hardness ...............................................................288
Table I.2: Scale of Hardness (classification of hard waters) ........................................................................................288
Table I.3: Compounds Producing Temporary and Permanent Hardness ..................................................................289


LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1: Projects Planning Process 20
Figure 5.1: Longitudinal section of pumping main showing hydraulic gradient and characteristic curve 92
Figure 5.2: Distribution System Basic Layouts 93
Table 5.3 Characteristics of Different Pipe Materials 100
Figure 7.1: Flow sheets for treatment of lake water, dam, reservoir (multiple water intakes) 110
Figure 7.2: Flow sheets for treatment of surface water with pesticides 110
Figure 7.3: Flow sheets for treatment of deep well water with fluoride 110
Figure 7.4: Flow sheets for treatment of deep well water with iron and manganese 110
Figure 7.5: Flow sheers for treatment of upland stream with no soil erosion 110
Figure 7.6: Flow sheets for treatment of imported water with high natural organic matters 110
Figure 7.7: Flow sheets for treatment of very turbid surface water or silted lowland stream 111
Figure 7.8: Flow sheets for treatment of water with cadmium, selenium, arsenic, mercury, lead, copper, uranium, chromium, cyanide and nickel 111
Figure 7.9: A Typical Skimmer 113
Figure7.10: The Head loss Calculation Formula Through Screens (Source: Poppel, 1982). 114
Figure 7.11: Typical Trapezoidal Section of a Grit Channel 116
Figure 7.12: Single and Common Section Type of Grit Channels 116
Figure 7.13: The Schematic Layout Plan of a Grit Chamber With Proportional Sutro Weir 117
Figure 7.14: Cross Section through the Grit channel 117
Figure 7.15: Typical layout plan of a sand trap for a small scheme 118
Figure 7.16: Longitudinal cross section 118
Figure 7.17: Transverse cross section 119
Figure 7.18: Cylindrical sedimentation tank 121
Figure 7.19: Rectangular sedimentation tank 122
Figure 7.20: Typical Purpose Built Lamella Settler 123
Figure 7.21: Typical Purpose Built Lamella Settle 124
Figure 7.22: Pilot Lamella Settler installed at Nadosoito, in Monduli district, Tanzania for Dam water treatment (Courtesy, K. Njau, 2020). 125
Figure 7.23: (a) A cross section of the Slow Sand Filter (SSF) 126
Figure 7.24: A diagram of Dissolved –air flotation mechanism 136
Figure 7.25: Diagram of a Cascade aerator 140
Figure 7.26: Ozonation Process 146
Figure 7.27: Gravity thickener plan and height 154
Figure 8.1: Configuration of Capacitive Deionization 166
Figure 8.2: Sketches showing installation of a nanofiltration unit. 167
Figure 9.1: The four functional zones of a continuous flow settling basin 173
Figure 11.1: Water Kiosk/ Point with a prepaid meter in Kishapu E-Water point and in Sangara village Babati. 214
Figure E.1: Classification of rotary pumps (Source: MoW Design Manual, 2009, 3rd Edition). 254
Figure E.2: Section through single stage end suction centrifugal pump 255
Figure E.3 Axially split multistage pump 255
Figure E.4: Radially split ring section multistage pump 256
Figure E.5: Types of Positive Displacement Pumps 257
Figure E.6: Duplex – two piston pump 258
Figure E.7: Hand pump with single-acting, bucket piston 260
Figure E.8: Types of Rotary Pumps(Coker, 2014 #2381) 261
Figure E.9: Turbine pump 262
Figure E.10: Submersible Pump (Source: Water Supply Design Manual, 2009) 263
Figure F.1: Modern diesel generator set 266
Figure F.2: Biogas Generator 267
Figure F.3: Windmill driven water pumping 268
Figure F.4: Arrangement for solar driven pumping of water 270
Figure F.5: Diurnal Power Generation from a Solar PV Panel. 272
Figure G.1:Layout of Horizontal-Flow Roughing Filter 279
Figure G.2: Layout of Upflow Vertical-Flow Roughing Filters 280
Figure G.3: Layout of the Dynamic intake and Dynamic roughing filter 280
Figure G.4: Schematic diagram of processes affecting water quality during the bank filtration process 281
Figure J.1: Typical Example Linearized rainfall at Different Return periods 293
Figure J.2: Typical Example IDF Curve 293




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